The Viability of Starwars Technology - Free Essay Example

The iconic film series Star Wars. A cultural phenomenon thats been with us all throughout all our lives. Something that no one can quite get away from no matter how hard they try. In a galaxy far far away, from the frigid ice world of Hoth to the sleek chic design of Cloud City. In these wondrous worlds in a galaxy far far away there is all sorts of fantastical technologies like massive starships and lightsabers,a weapon from a more civilized age. In Isaac Asimovs writing he describes how the science fiction genre influences the production of technologies in the real world and what technology should look like. Already we have seen a few science fiction technologies been turned into real devices that we can buy right now. For example, the idea of talking to someone on a screen which is now simply known as video chat, or robots with awareness which are now in existence today. Although technologies such as video chat or robots with awareness exist today, the more iconic pieces of Star Wars technology, such as lightsabers, TIE fighters, and hologram communication technology. The defense and space travel technology from the Star Wars film series are not viable in todays world, however the hologram communication technology is a very likely possibility. Lightsabers are a franchise staple of Star Wars, the trademark weapon of the mystic jedi, a glowing blade that kept peace in the galaxy for a millenia. It can simply be described as a laser sword, however in order to more so accurately describe its feasibility, a more grounded and solid definition is needed. A lightsaber can be characterized as having a metal hilt, which houses the power source and circuits of the device, which when activated, the device will emit a highly concentrated source of energy as a roughly 1.2 meter long blade (Wookiepedia).   As Don Lincoln, a senior scientist at the U.S. Department of Energys Fermilab, the United States biggest Large Hadron Collider research institution writes, clearly the lightsabers have a huge amount of energy in the balde as it is seen multiple times in universe that the sabers can easily cut through thick sheets of metal. As the name might suggest, perhaps the blade is a laser but we can rule out that idea pretty quickly as lasers do not have a fixed length like the blade of a lightsaber, and lasers are invisible unless put under special conditions. This does not sound very characteristic of a lightsaber so that can be ruled out as potential for what a lightsaber is. Perhaps though, as Don Lincoln writes, it might be plasma. This material is created by stripping a gass atoms of their electrons, a process called ionization. In an article written by Dr. Lincoln for Space.com says, The stripping of the electrons causes the material to glow. Plasma is a fourth state of matter, after the familiar three states of solid, liquid and gas. Plasma is in fact a very common material used all over the world. All neon lights are plasma, the name neon in neon lights comes from the fact that neon gas is ionized in order to create the plasma used in the light. This kind of plasma though is unlikely to be the blade of a lightsaber because the density of the gas in a fluorescent light tube is very low, even though the temperature is high, the total amount of heat energy is very low. Another thing that makes this form of plama the likely blade material is that electrons in a plasma have a much higher energy than the ionized atoms from which the electrons originated. So the possibility of it being this kind of plasma can be ruled out. However, there are these devices known as plasma torches which work by employing two electrodes and a flowing material, typically some sort of gas such as oxygen, nitrogen or some other element that shares similar qualities. A high voltage applied to the electrodes ionizes the gas, creating a plasma. Plasmas are electrically conductive, so they can convey a high energy electrical current to a target material, heating it up and melting it. It is better described as an electrical arc cutter, because the plasma acts as a conductor to let an electrical current flow through it. Most plasma cutters work best when the material being cut is a conductor, such as metal, as the material can therefore complete the circuit and send the arcs electrical current back to the cutter device by means of a cable clamped to the target. There are even twin torches, with electricity passing between two torches, allowing the user to cut nonconductive materials. Plasma torches can generate great heat, but the electrical characteristics are problematic, because of a need to have large amounts of electrical current flow and lightsabers dont really appear to have that characteristic. So from these findings, one may come to the conclusion that perhaps lightsabers are made of plasma. This is not necessarily true, as a plasma acts somewhat like a hot gas as in it doesnt have a definite shape or size, similar to a fire. So if a plasma is the base technology of a lightsaber, it needs to have some sort of form of containment. However, there are mechanisms for doing just this. As plasmas are composed of high energy electrons this means they can be controlled through magnetism. Actually, a few of the more promising technologies involved with nuclear fusion research use magnetic fields to contain plasmas. The temperatures and total energy present in fusion plasmas are so high that they could melt their metal containment vessels.   This sounds very characteristic of a lightsaber.   However, theres a problem. In a duel, two magnetically contained tubes of plasma would pass right through one another  Ã‚   So no lightsaber duels like seen in the films. For that, we need to figure out a way to make a solid core for the sabers. And the material that makes up the core would have to be impervious to the hot temperatures. One possible material would be ceramics, which can be brought to very high temperatures without melting, softening or distorting. But a solid ceramic core doesnt work: When not in use, the hilt of the lightsaber dangles from the belt of a Jedi, and the hilt is about 20 to 25 centimeters long (Wookiepedia). So the ceramic core would have to spring out of the hilt much in the same way plastic toy lightsabers work. So thats the most likely design for a lightsaber, however that design has plenty of problems too. For instance, in Star Wars: Episode IV A New Hope Obi-Wan Kenobi cuts off an aliens arm in the cantina in Mos Eisley with a single, effortless swipe. This sets some serious constraints on how hot the plasma would have to be. And in Star Wars: Episode I The Phantom Menace, Qui-Gon Jinn sticks his lightsaber in a heavy blast door, first making a long cut and then simply melting it. If one watch the sequence, and assume the door is steel, and time how long it takes to heat up the door and melt the metal, one can calculate the energy the saber must have. It turns out to be about 20 megawatts (Lincoln). Given an average household power consumption of about 1.4 kilowatts at all times, the power draw of a lightsaber could run 14,000 average American houses until the battery ran out (Lincoln). A power source of that density is clearly beyond current technology, but perhaps we can grant that the Jedi have advanced technology. They do have faster-than-light travel, after all. However, there is a physical problem. That kind of power means that the plasma would be incredibly hot, and at a distance of only a few inches from the hand of the sword wielder. Heat is irradiated in the form of infrared radiation. The Jedis hands should be essentially instantly charred. So some sort of force field must keep in the heat. And yet, the blades appear to be using optical wavelengths, so the force field must contain infrared radiation, but let visible light through. Such technical investigations lead inevitably to invocations of unknown technologies. But once youve done that, it is easy to simply say that the lightsaber consists of some kind of concentrated energy stored in a force field. An alternative way the lightsaber could work comes from a discovery made by MIT and Harvard scientists. Its not an inapt analogy to compare this to lightsabers, says Professor Mikhail Lukin when describing the creation of photonic molecules. When these photons interact with each other, theyre pushing against and deflecting each other. The physics of whats happening in these molecules is similar to what we see in the movies.   Scientists working together at the Harvard MIT ultracold led by Harvard Professor of Physics Mikhail Lukin and MIT Professor of Physics Vladan Vuletic have been able to coax photons into being molecules something only seen in the realm of the theoretical.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Another piece of Star Wars technology that may be viable is the TIE fighter. A TIE fighter is a starfighter used widely by the Empire, its a strike fighter and is capable of high speeds and TIE stands for twin ion engine. In the real world, ion engines are already exist. They are an actual technology in the real world. NASA has been using them in their space craft for decades. NASA describes how they work as ionizing a fuel, often xenon or argon gas, by taking away an electron to make a positive ion. The positive ions then diffuse into a region between two charged grids that contain an electrostatic field. This accelerates the positive ions out of the engine and away from the spacecraft, thereby generating thrust. Finally, a neutralizer sprays electrons into the exhaust plume at a rate that keeps the spacecraft electrically neutral. An electromagnetic ion engine also works by ionizing a fuel. In this case, a plasma is created that carries current between the ionizing anode and a cathode. In turn, the current generates a magnetic field at right angles to the electric field, and thereby accelerates the positive ions out of the engine via the, the force that is exerted by a magnetic field on a moving ele ctric charge. A neutralizer keeps the spacecraft electrically neutral. To put in more simple terms, the engine expels material and that material pushes off of the material the engine has already produces this propulsion (NASA 1).   As we see in our own spacecraft, ion engine propulsion is not the quickest, very efficient, but not the quickest. The way that ion engine propulsion works does not connect in any way at all with how we see it on screen. TIE fighters perform extremely sharp maneuvers while traveling through space and also in atmospheric environments. In atmospheric flight, TIE fighters have a max speed of 1,200 kilometers per hour. This speed is incredible, just 25 kilometers per hour short of being the speed of sound. NASAs engines take weeks to reach these speeds in space. In our own atmosphere it wouldnt even be possible for an ion engine to lift a TIE fighter, let alone be capable of the rapid changes in velocity and direction we see it perform. That is not a very large thrust. Typically, an ion thruster would have a magnitude somewhere around 1 Newton. of course, there is no actual limit to the force from an ion thrusters it would just have to be made bigger. Next is solar panels. These exist in the real world. They take light and convert it into electrical energy. How much electrical energy is produced is dependent on how bright the light is and how big the solar panels are. It also depends on the efficiency of the solar panels. Here on Earth, the best solar panels have an efficiency of around 44%. In orbit around the Earth, the sunlight gives about 1,000 Watts per square meter. Ben Clewett, a mathematician and physicist, used math in order to discover whether a TIE fighter is possible. Suppose a TIE fighter was in a region similar to the location of the Earth. If it positions one of its sides perpendicular to the sun, it will get maximum power out of the solar panels on the side. Wookieepedia states that the length of of TIE fighter is at 6.4 meters. The sides appear to be cubical in terms of dimensions so that will make the solar panels have the the dimensions of   6.4 meters by 6.4 meters. This gives an area of one side at 40.96 m and a maximum solar power of about 4 x 104 Watts. In terms of TIE Fighter mass, theres no given measurement of the TIE fighter. So, Professor Clewett based his estimate off of a real world fighter; the F-16 fighter jet. An F-16 fighter has a mass around 12,000 kilograms. Professor Clewett described that he would suspect the TIE fighter to have a lower mass since it is more advanced and used in space (where thinner materials can be used in construction). So, in his calculations he rounded the mass to be 10,000 kilograms. The first part in his equations was thrust and power. For thrust, this is just like a normal rocket. The change in momentum of the ejected ions over time gives a thrust force. This can be approximated in terms of the fuel mass rate: Here he is using vi for the velocity of the ejected ions. The NASA ion engine has xenon ions leaving with a speed of 4 x 104 meters per second. Clewett hypothesizes that perhaps the TIE fighter has a thrust speed twice that value. The mass of a xenon ion would be about 2.18 x 10-25 kilograms. Then he can use this thrust along with the mass of the TIE fighter to calculate the maximum acceleration. Now, onto power. Clewett describes this part of the equation as taking one ion and speeding it up to eject it as thrust. This would just make it be the kinetic energy of that ion. If this is done many times, one could use the time intervals to calculate the power. In terms of acceleration, the use of this power expression can get the mass rate and then rewrite the acceleration in terms of the power: Next, power. The mass of the TIE fighter and the ion thrust speed. Putting in these values, one gets a maximum acceleration of 0.001 m/s2. Thats not too great for a star fighter.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clewett had other ideas too such as maneuverability.   If a TIE fighters thrust is near the center of the vehicle, it would take some torque to get the thing to turn left of right. By adding these large solar panels (even if they look cool) on the side far from the center of thrust you would increase the moment of inertia making it much more difficult to turn. But maybe they arent even solar panels on the side of the TIE Fighter. What if these side panels do something different? Perhaps the TIE fighter is designed to receive power from a nearby Star Destroyer maybe through magnetic induction. In Clewetts second paper titled, TIE Fighter: Propulsion Through Induction he explores this possibility. It turns out that this is a much more feasible energy and propulsion system for a TIE fighter. In the Star Wars Episode 4: A New Hope, R2D2 projected an image of Princess Leia in distress. An electrical and computer engineering professor, Daniel Smalley, has long desired to create the same type of 3D image projection. Smalley stated that the image of Princess Leia is not what people think it is, meaning it is not a hologram. A 3D image such as the Princess Leia projection, that floats in air, that can be viewed from all angles, is referred to as a volumetric image. Examples of volumetric images include the 3D displays Tony Stark interacts with in Iron Man or the massive image-projecting table in Avatar. Smalley and his contemporaries have designed a volumetric display platform, thats basis lies in photophoretic optical trapping, and produces full-color, aerial volumetric images. The technique, uses forces conveyed by a set of near-invisible laser beams to trap a single particle   of a plant fiber called cellulose   and heat it evenly. That allows researchers to push and pull the cellulose around. A second set of lasers projects visible light (red, green and blue) onto the particle, illuminating it as it moves through space. Humans cannot discern images at rates faster than 10 per second, so if the particle is moved fast enough, its trajectory appears as a solid line   like a sparkler in the dark. (Citation) Were using a laser beam to trap a particle, and then we can steer the laser beam around to move the particle and create the image, said undergraduate co author Erich Nygaard. The most rudimentary way to understand their process is to regard the images they create almost like 3D-printed objects. Thus far, Smalley and his researchers have 3D-light-printed, several tiny images: a butterfly, a prism   rings that wrap around an arm and an individual in a lab coat crouched in a position, (Citation) similar to Princess Leia in the iconic movie scene. Smalley and his researchers are the first to use optical trapping and color effectively in their projections. Were providing a method to make a volumetric image that can create the images we imagine well have in the future, Smalley said. Holographic display, in the way it is commonly thought of, can only be seen on a 2D surface. A volumetric display has little scattering surfaces scattered throughout a 3D space (Citation). This is why volumetric displays can be seen from every angle, just like the famous Princess Leia hologram. In this way, it could easily resemble how Michael Okuda, technical consultant for the Star Trek franchise, explained new technology that could make transporters possible. These were Heisenberg compensators, he said, supposedly used to correct problems of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. This is the famous quantum mechanical principle that says that it cannot be simultaneously know with high precision the location of the position and motion of a particle. Since a person is made of lots of particles (i.e. atoms and their constituents), if someone ever tried to scan an individual to figure out where all their atoms are, it could not accurately measure their location and motion. Thus, if one tried to reconstruct someone, one wouldnt know exactly where to put all the protons, neutrons and electrons. At a deep and fundamental physical level, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle says that transporters are impossible. Of course, this didnt stop the creators of Star Trek. When asked by T ime magazine how such devices worked, he said, Very well, thank you.

Survival of the Fittest vs. Natural Selection

When Charles Darwin was coming up with the Theory of Evolution, he had to find a mechanism that drove evolution. Many other scientists, such as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, had already described the change in species over time, but they didnt offer explanations as to how it occurred. Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently came up with the idea of natural selection to fill that void. Natural Selection vs. Survival of the Fittest Natural selection is the idea that species that acquire adaptations favorable for their environment will pass those adaptations to their offspring. Eventually, only individuals with those favorable adaptations will survive, which is how the species changes over time or evolves through speciation. In the 1800s, after Darwin first published his book On the Origin of Species, British economist Herbert Spencer used the term survival of the fittest in relation to Darwins idea of natural selection as he compared Darwins theory to an economic principle in one of his books. This interpretation of natural selection caught on, and Darwin used the phrase in a later edition of On the Origin of Species. Darwin used the term as it was meant regarding natural selection. Nowadays, however, the term is often misunderstood when used in place of natural selection. Public Misconception of Fittest Members of the public might be able to describe natural selection as survival of the fittest. Pressed for further explanation of the term, however, most answer incorrectly. Someone not familiar with what natural selection really is might take fittest to mean the best physical specimen of the species and that only those in the best shape and best health will survive in nature. That isnt always the case. Individuals that survive arent always the strongest, fastest, or smartest. By that definition, then, survival of the fittest might not be the best way to describe natural selection as it applies to evolution. Darwin didnt mean it in those terms when he used it in his republished book. He intended fittest to mean the members of the species best suited for the immediate environment, the basis of the idea of natural selection. Favorable and Unfavorable Traits   Since an individual needs the most favorable traits to survive in the environment, it follows that individuals with favorable adaptations will live long enough to pass their genes to their offspring. Those lacking the favorable traits—the unfit—most likely wont live long enough to pass down their unfavorable traits, and eventually, those traits will be bred out of the population. The unfavorable traits might take many generations to decline in numbers and longer to disappear from the gene pool. This is evident in humans with the genes of fatal diseases; their genes are still in the gene pool even though conditions are unfavorable for their survival. Remedying the Misunderstanding Now that this idea is stuck in our lexicon, there isnt much that can be done to help others understand the actual meaning of the phrase beyond explaining the intended definition of the word fittest and the context in which it was said. An alternative could be to avoid using the phrase altogether when discussing the Theory of Evolution or natural selection. Its acceptable for a person to use the term survival of the fittest if he or she understands the scientific definition. However, casual use of the phrase by someone without knowledge of natural selection can be misleading. Students who are first learning about evolution and natural selection should avoid using the term until they have a deeper knowledge of the subject.

Levels Of Analysis And The Stu Essay - 1546 Words

Three levels of analysis, each with its own distinct strength, reveals three different ways of understanding international relations. The first states that all nation-states behave similarly, the second emphasizes the unique internal factors of a nation-state, while the third level of analysis focuses on the individual deciding a stateamp;#8217;s course of action. Each level of analysis is useful in the study of international relations. Indeed, used all together, it is not long before arriving at a point where a vast number of explanations for the actions of a country are brought to light. However, to best understand international relations, one level of analysis is more useful than the rest, because it provides the most comprehensive†¦show more content†¦The third level of analysis also has the ability to, within the models that can view the state as non-monolithic, presume that the different groups have similar interests and share the same hierarchy of goals by use of the organizational model; or, it can explore the presumption that the different groups have different interests by use of the bureaucratic model. Furthermore, because the focus of level three analysis is on the participants in the decision making process, the psychological aspects that influence the actions of the groups and individuals who influence the actions that the state are considered as well. These psychological aspects can include the perceptions of an individual that are shaped by their past experiences, stereotypes formed through those experiences and their own personal values. The third level of analysis, because of all that it takes into consideration, has a completeness in understanding international relations than cannot be matched by the first and second levels of analysis. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Examples of how the third level of analysis is more useful in better understanding international relations can be seen in examining the Cuban Missile Crisis. A conclusion that would be drawn from a level two analysis is that the US chose the blockade to deal with the discovery of Soviet missiles in Cuba,Show MoreRelatedRole Of Western National Insurance Company1045 Words   |  5 PagesInsurance Company, and the steps taken by a new CEO, Stu Henderson, to turn around the failing company. The case study discusses the strategy of the organization, and how the CEOs leadership affected the outcome of the efforts, the staff, and the overall performance of the organization. Mr. Henderson walked into a company that had very poor planning, and did not conduct any formal budget planning, benchmarking, or industry peer-group analysis to help with strategic goal setting (Pesch, Eide, MoorthyRead MoreHamilton County Judges Case3020 Words   |  13 Pagesevaluate the performance of the judges. Appeals are often the result of mistakes made by judges, and the newspaper wanted to know which judges were doing a good job and which were making too many mistakes. You have been called in to assist in the data analysis. Use your knowledge of probability to help with the ranking of the judges. You also may e able to analyze†¦.. 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Crowdfunding A Modern Way of Funding Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Crowdfunding- A Modern Way of Funding. Answer: Introduction Crowdfunding is a modern method for small businesses to collect funding for their ideas through the public. Usually, corporations collect funding through investment firms such as banking corporations, investment firms, and venture capitalists, but these firms did not invest in small businesses. Crowdfunding enables small businesses or entrepreneurs to directly collect investment from people who are interested in their ideas. The investment provided by the public to a small business helps them start their operations and provide the profits back to investors. To promote crowdfunding in Australia, the government has passed a new act which provides a new structure for generating investment through crowdfunding. This essay analyses the benefit or drawback of crowdfunding method of investment, to give advice to Howard Jones regarding his new project. The essay will evaluate crowdfunding from the perspective of companies who use it to generate their capital. Further, the essay will compare legislation of Australia with other countries. Crowdfunding- A Modern Way of Funding In modern times, a large number of people have access to technology; this access leads to new innovations daily. In past few years, the number of new entrepreneurs has grown significantly. People are using modern technology to create new products or applications each day, but to take such products to large scale, entrepreneurs require funding[1]. The traditional methods of investment which include, taking loans from banks, investment firms or venture capitalists, are limited in numbers. A large number of the entrepreneurs were not being able to raise capital for their project. Crowdfunding has provided hope to such entrepreneurs by providing them funding from the public. Crowdfunding uses online platforms to connect entrepreneurs and public to assist them in gaining investment. In crowdfunding, the capital is provided by family, friends, small-scale investors and other public who are interested in the idea of the entrepreneur[2]. For entrepreneurs, there are four different crowdfunding methods to generate investment from public, which includes, reward, charity, equity and lending method[3]. In the reward-based method, the investors receive inventive for the capital they invested in the entrepreneurs project. In charity or social based method, the investment generates for some social purpose which benefits the society. The equity-based method is most popular; financier receives shares of the corporation for the investment provided by them. In the lending based system, the capital is considered as a loan and the company pay it back with interest to the financier[4]. Other than selecting the method of investment, there are few steps which must be followed by entrepreneur while generating funding through crowdfunding process. The first and foremost step is providing true and complete information regarding the project to the financiers. The information contains project details such as funding needed, product speci fication, time frame, and rewards given to the investors[5]. Crowdfunding has been used by several organisations as a method for generating funding for their operations. Indigogo and Kickstarter are two most popular sites of crowdfunding in Australia[6]. These websites along with various others help many entrepreneurs to generate funding for their businesses. Small Australian technology corporations such as Ninja Block and KoalaSafe have been successfully used crowdfunding website Kickstarter to raise funding. Another organisation called Satellite Reign has raised capital for their real-time action video game through Kickstarter. More than 3.3 million people invested their money in twenty-two thousand crowdfunding projects using Kickstarter in 2014. Pozible, a website for crowdfunding projects, has launched more than eight thousand entrepreneurs projects and generated investment of $25 million[7]. With commercial purpose, crowdfunding is also used by charitable organisations to generate funding for social causes. It is a modern way of donating money to charitable causes[8]. For example, four years old girl named Eliza had Sanfilippo syndrome which is a neurological disorder. Due to symptoms of this disease, Eliza was not able to eat, walk or even talk. Elizas treatment requires $2.5 million, but her parents did not have that money. Elizas father creates a homemade video of Elizas condition and uploaded it over the internet. The mainly raised through such video was not enough for the treatment of Eliza. That video was seen by a filmmaker named Benjamin Von Wong who made a short film over Eliza. The filled was named Saving Eliza and along with such film, a crowdfunding page was also established to raise funding for Elizas treatment. The camping for saving Eliza has raised more than $1.8 million for her treatment through crowdfunding[9]. Due to its popularity, the Australian government decided to establish regulations regarding crowdfunding procedure in Australia. The government enacted Corporations Amendment (Crowd-sourced Funding) Act 2017[10] to promote and regulate the process of crowdfunding. The act amended various regulations of Corporations Act 2001 and provides new policies for small corporations to raise funding through crowdfunding. Many policies of Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 have also been altered due to new crowdfunding policies. Many new exemptions have been provided to many market operatives to promote the usage of crowdfunding in Australia. The policies of Australian market license have also been amended to provide various exemptions to the corporation[11]. The crowdfunding act provided that small sector organisation can spend ten thousand dollars on the crowdfunding project in a year. The wholesale investors with annual revenue more than $250,000 and assets value more than $2.5 million are able to invest in crowdfunding projects. The limits provided by crowdfunding act restrict the opportunity for entrepreneurs to generate funding. Many market experts criticised the crowdfunding policies and stated that the limits provided by thelaw are against the basic nature of crowdfunding principles. Other countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States have also provided legislative policies regarding crowdfunding method but there is no limit provided by them over the funding. Observation In the United States, the Jobs Act 2012 enables corporations to raise funding through online websites for their projects. The Securities and Exchange Commission regulates the policies of crowdfunding and in 2016 it amended the act by introducing equity crowdfunding for the companies[12]. Most of the entrepreneurs in the United States use crowdfunding websites such as Kickstarter to generate investment for unique and original business ideas. The lack of investment limit allows entrepreneurs to generate high investment which assists in the growth of their corporations[13]. There are several organisations that used crowdfunding as a primary method for generating capital for their operations. One of the successful examples is Oculus Rift. Oculus Rift used crowdfunding to generate investment for their virtual reality kit which was significantly successful and it raised more than $2.5 million. The company uses such money to advance their virtual reality technologies and in 2014 they were bought by Facebook for $2 billion[14]. In 2015, more than $34.4 billion was generated by entrepreneurs throughout the world using crowdfunding procedure. Even with all the limitations, Australian entrepreneurs have the option to raise capital through crowdfunding process which can be beneficial for them. The steps taken by Australian government will improve their economy and promote small entrepreneur businesses[15]. The project of Howard Jones regarding increasing the life of batteries can revolutionised the industry. A large number of people will be interested to invest in the project of Howard. Therefore, Howard should choose the method of crowdfunding to raise capital for his project. Howard will be able to generate a large amount of investment through crowdfunding procedure. The regulation provided by the Australian government will provide various exemptions to Howard such as lower corporate social responsibility disclosures[16]. Howard will also have the benefit of controlling the decision for his company because, in case of traditional sources, large corporations who invest in projects prefer to create their own policies. Due to its benefits, crowdfunding is the better option for generating investment for Howard Jones, than compared to traditional sources. Conclusion From the above essay, it can be concluded that crowdfunding has gained considerable popularity and in the future, it is going to generate more attention as well. Crowdfunding provides a source of investment to small entrepreneurs who cannot get investment from large corporations. The regulations established by Australian government are criticized by market experts, but they will assist the small corporations of Australian by providing them an investment. As compared to other countries the Australian regulations provide more limits over organisations while investing in the crowdfunding projects. In case of Howard Jones project, crowdfunding is a better option than compared to tradition method due to its benefits. Crowdfunding provides various exemptions and control to Howard than other sources, therefore, Howard should select crowdfunding as a method for generating capital for his project. Bibliography Belleflamme, Paul, Thomas Lambert, and Armin Schwienbacher. "Crowdfunding: Tapping the right crowd."Journal of business venturing29.5 (2014): 585-609. Cordova, Alessandro, Johanna Dolci, and Gianfranco Gianfrate. "The determinants of crowdfunding success: Evidence from technology projects."Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences181 (2015): 115-124. Eastwell, Michelle, Jessica Dale, and Felicity Dunstone. "Crowd-sourced equity funding is coming to Australia."Governance Directions69.7 (2017): 411. Fitzpatrick, Jeff, et al. Business and corporations law. LexisNexis Butterworths, 2011. Frydrych, Denis, et al. "Exploring entrepreneurial legitimacy in reward-based crowdfunding."Venture Capital16.3 (2014): 247-269. Fumagalli, Danielle C., and Arvin M. Gouw. "Focus: Personalized Medicine: Crowdfunding for Personalized Medicine Research."The Yale journal of biology and medicine88.4 (2015): 413. Hui, Julie S., Michael D. Greenberg, and Elizabeth M. Gerber. "Understanding the role of community in crowdfunding work."Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work social computing. ACM, 2014. Khadem, N. "Crowdfunding in Australia a step closer."The Sydney Morning Herald(2014). Klaebe, Helen G., and Rebecca Laycock. "How to work the crowd: A snapshot of barriers and motivations to crowdfunding." (2012). Manzoor, Amir. "Crowdfunding for Non-Profits."Handbook of Research on Emerging Business Models and Managerial Strategies in the Nonprofit Sector(2017): 152. Mollick, Ethan. "The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study."Journal of business venturing29.1 (2014): 1-16. Stanko, Michael A., and David H. Henard. "How crowdfunding influences innovation."MIT Sloan Management Review57.3 (2016): 15. Stumm, Tony. "The rebirth of crowd funding in Australia!."Governance Directions69.2 (2017): 96. Valanciene, Loreta, and Sima Jegeleviciute. "Valuation of crowdfunding: benefits and drawbacks."Economics and Management18.1 (2013): 39-48. Wash, Rick. "The Value of Completing Crowdfunding Projects."ICWSM13 (2013): 7th. Weinstein, Ross S. "Crowdfunding in the US and Abroad: What to Expect When You're Expecting."Cornell Int'l LJ46 (2013): 427.

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